n = 27 research) and intervention functions ( n = 4 national vs. In comparison to the 11 national interventions (based on previous work), research interventions were delivered through more BCTs ( n = 24 national vs. The majority focused on behaviours related to pre-insertion ( n = 30) and removal of catheters ( n = 28). Five Research interventions used 7 out of 9 intervention functions (Education, Enablement, Environmental restructuring, Training, Persuasion, Incentivisation and Modelling) and 3 out of 7 policy categories (Service provision Guidelines and Communication marketing). These BCTs targeted eight TDF domains, six of which had been identified as key influences on HCPs’ behaviour (Knowledge Environmental Context and Resources Memory, Attention and Decision Making Social Influences Social Professional Role and Identity Beliefs about Consequences). Research interventions used a wide range of BCTs (27 unique BCTs across 37 interventions). Previous work conducted the same analyses for the 11 national interventions which allowed comparison between national and research interventions. We used the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW), Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) and the Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy (BCTTv1) to describe the behavioural content of interventions. Behavioural Analysis of Intervention Content It identified barriers and facilitators to CAUTI-related behaviours for HCPs identified 11 nationally-adopted interventions and established the extent to which barriers and facilitators to CAUTI-related behaviours were targeted by these 11 interventions (shown in Box 1). Previous work sought to identify gaps in the national response to CAUTI in primary/community care, secondary care and care homes in England. Healthcare professionals (HCPs) can play a key role in reducing CAUTI and interventions which target their behaviour are crucial in delivering optimal patient care. Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) are preventable by reducing unnecessary catheter use, length of catheter use, and improving insertion technique. It is estimated that 50% of hospital associated infections are linked to use of catheters leading to increased morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common healthcare-associated infections in the UK. The seven prioritised components should be considered for future implementation. By combining research evidence, behavioural analysis and stakeholder feedback, we identified how national interventions to reduce CAUTI could be improved. These included: checklists for discharge/admission to wards information for patients and relatives about the pros/cons of catheters setting and profession specific guidelines standardised nationwide computer-based documentation promotion of alternatives to catheter use CAUTI champions and bladder scanners. Seven intervention components were prioritised by stakeholders. A behavioural analysis of these interventions identified 39 intervention components as possible ways to optimise national interventions. We identified 37 effective research interventions, mostly conducted in United States secondary care. We conducted a multi-method study comprising: a rapid review of research on interventions to reduce CAUTI a behavioural analysis of effective research interventions compared to national interventions and a stakeholder focus group and survey to identify the most promising options for optimising interventions. This study aimed to identify how national interventions could be optimised. Previous research has focused on identifying gaps in the national response to CAUTI in multiple settings in England. Healthcare professional behaviours, such as reducing unnecessary catheter use, are key for preventing CAUTI. Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) are common yet preventable.
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